Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
06:32
Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
Published on: September 19, 2016
11.0K
Erythema Protection Efficacy of Plant-Derivative Compounds in Mice Based on Narrow-Band Reflectance Spectroscopy Data
Diego Armando Villamizar Mantilla1, Luis Alberto Nuñez2,3, Elena E Stashenko4
1Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Summary
This study shows that a mouse model can effectively measure the sun protection of plant compounds. Apigenin, caffeic acid, and kaempferol demonstrated significant efficacy for potential use in sunscreens.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pharmacology
- Botany
Background:
- Plants offer natural compounds with photoprotective properties beneficial for human skin.
- Investigating a murine model to assess the Erythema Protection Efficacy (EPE) of these natural compounds is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the suitability of a murine model for quantifying the photoprotective efficacy of plant-derived compounds.
- To identify specific plant compounds with high potential for use in sunscreen formulations.
Main Methods:
- UVB-induced erythema in albino BALB/c mice was measured using a Mexameter.
- Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) was determined, and Erythema Protection Efficacy (EPE) was calculated for plant compounds and UV filters.
- The study adhered to the ARRIVE guidelines for animal research.
Main Results:
- UVB-induced erythema showed a linear response in mouse skin, with variations observed based on sex and skin area.
- Apigenin, caffeic acid, and kaempferol demonstrated the highest EPE values among the tested plant compounds.
- All tested plant-derived compounds provided protection against UV-induced erythema.
Conclusions:
- The murine Erythema Protection Efficacy (EPE) metric is a valuable tool for identifying plant compounds with photoprotective potential for human skin.
- Selected plant compounds, including apigenin, caffeic acid, and kaempferol, show promise for development into effective sunscreen ingredients.
Related Concept Videos
02:35Band Theory
17.2K
When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
17.2K
01:14NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds
6.3K
Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
6.3K
01:13Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview
1.2K
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
1.2K
01:26Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
3.1K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
3.1K
01:34NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives
11.1K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
11.1K
03:02Organic Compounds
57.2K
All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
57.2K