Use of CAD/CAM Workflow and Patient-Specific Implants for Maxillary Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Craniofacial surgery
• Biomedical engineering
• Medical imaging

Background:

• Maxilla and midface reconstruction presents significant surgical challenges.
• Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and virtual surgical planning (VSP) improve defect management.
• 3D printing and CAD/CAM enable customized implants and surgical guides.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review CAD/CAM-assisted reconstruction of maxillary and midfacial defects.
• To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of patient-specific implants (PSIs).
• To assess reconstruction accuracy, esthetic outcomes, function, and complications.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
• Inclusion of clinical studies on CAD/CAM-assisted reconstruction (April 2013-July 2022).
• Analysis of 10 studies reporting on 24 patients.

Main Results:

• CAD/CAM techniques improved osteotomy accuracy, flap contouring, and implant adaptation.
• Data from 24 patients indicate positive outcomes.
• Review identified 10 relevant studies meeting inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:

• CAD/CAM-based approaches are effective and safe for maxillofacial reconstruction.
• Limitations include high costs, technology reliance, and limited long-term data.
• Further standardization and research are needed for wider clinical use of PSIs.