Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...

Types of Surveys

Types of Surveys

Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...

Survey Safety

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...

Data Collection by Survey

Data Collection by Survey

The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Conjointly-created parent and coach motivational climate profiles: Adolescent athletes' goal orientations, enjoyment, and stress.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2026

Same author

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Strength and Conditioning of Female Athletes. Part I: Lifespan, Injury, and Health Considerations.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026

Same author

National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Strength and Conditioning of Female Athletes. Part II: Training Adaptations and Program Design.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026

Same author

Investigation of the Effects of Ski Ergometer-Based Training on Respiratory Functions and Isokinetic Muscle Strength in Cross-Country Skiers.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026

Same author

Loaded Single-Leg Roman Chair Hold Preferentially Increases Biceps Femoris Activation, Whereas the Nordic Hamstring Exercise Emphasises Semitendinosus Activation in Professional Athletes.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026

Same author

The effect of mace training on strength, flexibility, and stability in elite wrestlers: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

Lower Extremity Injuries in Elite Snowsport Athletes: A Retrospective Survey.

Buket Sevindik Aktas¹, Esedullah Akaras², E Whitney G Moore³

¹Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Türkiye.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|January 28, 2026

Summary

Elite snowsport athletes experience frequent ankle sprains, but medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries cause the greatest injury burden, impacting performance. Injury patterns vary by sex and specific snowsport discipline.

Keywords:

injury burden injury incidence lower extremity injuries skiing snowsports

More Related Videos

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Orthopedics
Biomechanics

Background:

Elite snowsport athletes face high risks of lower extremity injuries due to intense physical demands and environmental factors.
Understanding injury patterns is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies in snowsports.
This study investigates injury incidence and burden in Turkish National Snowsport Teams.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence and burden of lower extremity injuries in elite snowsport athletes.
To analyze sex-specific and sport-specific differences in injury patterns.
To identify key injuries impacting athlete performance and training.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical records from 99 Turkish National Snowsport Teams athletes.
Calculation of overall, sex-specific, and sport-specific injury incidence (per 10,000 hours).
Calculation of overall, sex-specific, and sport-specific injury burden (weeks missed per 10,000 hours).

Main Results:

Ankle sprains were the most frequent injury overall, while medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) presented the highest injury burden.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures were the highest burden injury for women, and MTSS for men.
Injury incidence and burden varied significantly by sex and discipline, with MTSS being prominent in cross-country skiers and ACL injuries in Alpine skiers.

Conclusions:

Ankle sprains are common, but MTSS and ACL injuries represent the most significant injury burdens in elite snowsports.
Sex and specific snowsport discipline are critical factors influencing lower extremity injury incidence and burden.
Findings highlight the need for tailored injury prevention programs for different snowsport athletes.