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Decoding Biodiversity in Baiyangdian Lake: A DNA Barcode Reference Library for Aquatic Insects.

Ya-Jun Qiao1,2, Ze-Peng Wang1, Meng-Yu Lv3

  • 1School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.

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|January 28, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a DNA barcode library for aquatic insects in Baiyangdian Lake, aiding biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts. This molecular tool supports ecological restoration evaluation and environmental DNA applications in freshwater ecosystems.

Keywords:
COIDNA barcodingspecies identification

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Freshwater ecosystems face significant threats, necessitating robust biodiversity assessments for effective conservation.
  • Baiyangdian Lake, a major northern Chinese freshwater body, is recovering from ecological degradation due to restoration initiatives.
  • Molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding, offer precise methods for biodiversity monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct the first comprehensive DNA barcode reference library for aquatic insects in Baiyangdian Lake.
  • To establish a molecular foundation for monitoring biodiversity changes during ecological recovery.
  • To assess the utility of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for aquatic insect identification.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic sampling of aquatic insects across Baiyangdian Lake habitats from January 2023 to May 2025.
  • DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing of the COI gene for 315 specimens.
  • Phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood) and genetic distance calculations to evaluate species discrimination.

Main Results:

  • A reference library of 315 high-quality COI sequences was generated, representing 104 species, 74 genera, and 33 families across eight insect orders.
  • Diptera (especially Chironomidae) and Odonata exhibited the highest species diversity.
  • A significant barcode gap (mean intraspecific divergence 0.46%, nearest-neighbor divergence >15%) confirmed COI's efficacy for species identification, with strong congruence between molecular and morphological taxonomy.

Conclusions:

  • The established COI DNA barcode library is a valuable resource for aquatic insect identification in Baiyangdian Lake.
  • The library supports ongoing ecological restoration evaluation and facilitates environmental DNA (eDNA) based biodiversity assessments.
  • This molecular framework enhances regional biodiversity conservation strategies for vulnerable freshwater ecosystems.