Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.4K
Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

7.1K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
7.1K
Current Density01:21

Current Density

5.1K
The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
5.1K
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

2.6K
Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
2.6K
Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

3.8K
Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
3.8K
Charge and Current01:14

Charge and Current

5.5K
Electric charge is the most fundamental quantity in an electric circuit. The effects of electric charge are encountered daily, such as when a wool sweater sticks to the human body or when a person receives a shock while walking on a carpet.
Charge is an inherent property of the atomic particles that make up matter and is measured in units called coulombs (C). Matter is composed of atoms, each consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge (-e), while protons...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extension of cytokines' role in Behcet's disease associated peripheral neuropathy.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same author

Evolutionary Genomics of Human Gut Bacteria: Ecological Plasticity Across the Mutualism-Pathogenicity Spectrum.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Advances in Diagnosis, Molecular Epidemiology, and Clinical Impact of an Underrecognized Respiratory Virus.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Retraction notice to "Vaginal suppositories of cumin seeds essential oil for treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Formulation, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation" [European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 157 (2021)105602].

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2026
Same author

Is Brukinsa (Zanubrutinib) a Safer Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor in Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

New Insights into the Combined Antiviral Effect of Extracts from <i>Nerium oleander</i> and <i>Boswellia sacra</i> Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Preliminary Report.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice
07:13

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

7.6K

Taming Superbugs: Current Progress and Challenges in Combating ESKAPE Pathogens.

Helal F Hetta1, Fatma R Khalaf2,3, Ahmed A Kotb4

  • 1Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens are a growing threat. This review highlights progress in developing broad-spectrum vaccines targeting conserved antigens and novel platforms to combat these infections.

Keywords:
ESKAPE pathogensOMVsantigen discoverybiofilmmRNA vaccinesmultidrug resistancesustainabilityvaccine targets

More Related Videos

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
07:20

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.7K
Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen
17:16

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Published on: June 3, 2018

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice
07:13

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

7.6K
Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
07:20

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Published on: April 9, 2019

9.7K
Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen
17:16

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Published on: June 3, 2018

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Global rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) poses a significant healthcare challenge.
  • These pathogens exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, leading to treatment failures, increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • Existing infection control measures are strained by the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in target-driven vaccine research against MDR ESKAPE pathogens.
  • To identify promising vaccine targets, including conserved surface antigens, iron acquisition systems, and biofilm-related proteins.
  • To explore novel vaccine platforms for developing next-generation formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic discovery of highly conserved surface antigens and other potential targets.
  • Computational prediction of epitopes for broad-spectrum vaccination.
  • Evaluation of novel vaccine platforms like outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), mRNA technologies, and multi-epitope constructs.

Main Results:

  • Identification of conserved antigens, iron acquisition systems, and biofilm/quorum-sensing proteins as attractive vaccine targets.
  • Emergence of advanced vaccine platforms (OMVs, mRNA, multi-epitope) poised for rapid translation.
  • Recognition of ongoing challenges including antigenic variation and immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • Development of effective vaccines against MDR ESKAPE pathogens requires continued interdisciplinary research and investment.
  • Addressing challenges like immune evasion and ensuring robust mucosal immunity are critical for vaccine success.
  • Successful vaccines are essential to mitigate the global burden of antimicrobial resistance.