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Genetic Determinants Linked to MDR/XDR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from a Mexican Tertiary Hospital

Liliana Nicolas-Sayago1,2, Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz1, Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez3,4

  • 1Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains causing healthcare-associated infections exhibit metallo-β-lactamase VIM and OprD mutations. These findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to combat resistant pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) due to its resistance and persistence.
  • It is a frequently reported pathogen in Mexican surveillance systems.
  • Characterizing resistance in P. aeruginosa from HAIs at Hospital Juárez de México (HJM) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine antimicrobial resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa from HAIs at HJM.
  • To identify genetic determinants of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes.
  • To investigate carbapenem resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-three P. aeruginosa strains from HAIs were analyzed.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and MDR/XDR classification followed CLSI and Latin American consensus guidelines.
  • PCR detected beta-lactamases, and oprD gene mutations were analyzed in imipenem-resistant isolates.

Main Results:

  • MDR and XDR profiles were identified.
  • The metallo-β-lactamase blaVIM was detected.
  • Recurrent mutations in the oprD gene (S103T, T115K, L170F, G186P, T189V) were associated with imipenem resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of blaVIM and OprD alterations contributes to carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa.
  • These findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of resistance.
  • Strengthening surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship is vital to control MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa spread.
Keywords:
MDR/XDR phenotypesPseudomonas aeruginosaoprD mutationβ-lactamases

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