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Sheep Genetic Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections: Current Insights from Transcriptomics and Other
Krishani Sinhalage1, Guilherme Henrique Gebim Polizel1,2, Niel A Karrow1
1Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Developing parasite-resistant sheep is crucial due to widespread gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. Integrative omics approaches reveal key genetic and immune factors for selective breeding, offering sustainable control strategies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Immunogenetics
- Animal Genomics
Background:
- Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections cause significant economic losses and welfare issues in sheep globally.
- Current anthelmintic treatments face challenges with drug resistance and environmental impact.
- Selective breeding for host genetic resistance is a sustainable alternative, informed by advanced omics research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review transcriptomic signatures associated with resistance and susceptibility to GIN infections in sheep.
- To explore how genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome data enhance understanding of GIN resistance.
- To identify candidate genes, immune pathways, and biomarkers for breeding programs.
Main Methods:
- Review of transcriptomic studies, particularly RNA-Sequencing, to identify differential gene expression and genetic variants (SNPs, INDELs).
- Integration of genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiome data to provide a multi-omics perspective.
- Analysis of immune pathways, regulatory networks, and microbial signatures in resistant vs. susceptible sheep.
Main Results:
- Transcriptomics identified differential gene expression and functional variants linked to Th2 immunity, antigen presentation, tissue repair, and stress signaling.
- Genomic analyses revealed SNPs and QTL associated with immune regulation and parasite resistance.
- Proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome studies indicated breed- and tissue-specific alterations and distinct microbial profiles in resistant sheep.
Conclusions:
- Multi-omics approaches offer a comprehensive understanding of complex host-parasite interactions in GIN resistance.
- Identified candidate biomarkers can support genomic selection for developing sustainable, parasite-resistant sheep populations.
- Integrative omics research is vital for advancing genetic resistance strategies against GIN infections in sheep.
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