Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

14.6K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
14.6K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

4.4K
4.4K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

127.6K
Overview
127.6K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.8K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.8K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.0K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.0K
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

5.2K
Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Beyond the "100 - age" rule: an AJCP-concordant formula for bone marrow normocellularity.

American journal of clinical pathology·2026
Same author

Giant Chest Wall Metastasis of Rectal Adenocarcinoma with Multistructural Involvement.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Hereditary Endometrial Cancer: Lynch Syndrome, Mismatch Repair Deficiency, and Emerging Genetic Predispositions-A Comprehensive Review with Clinical and Laboratory Guidelines.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Can We Use CAR-T Cells to Overcome Immunosuppression in Solid Tumours?

Biology·2025
Same author

Resistance in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy and How to Overcome It: Insights from the Genetics Perspective and Combination Therapies Approach.

Cells·2025
Same author

Plasma Cells as the Key Players of IVF Failure? Unlocking the Enigma of Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Failure in the Light of Uterine Inflammation.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System
10:51

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Published on: April 23, 2021

4.6K

Breaking Barriers: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer.

Bartosz Dmuchowski1, Witold Wit Hryniewicz1, Igor Barczak1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.

Pharmaceutics
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise for breast cancer, especially triple-negative types. Research is ongoing to improve response rates and expand treatments to more patients by exploring new targets and biomarkers.

Keywords:
PD-1/PD-L1breast cancercheckpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyimmunotherapy biomarkersresistance to immunotherapy

More Related Videos

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

18.8K
Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
07:45

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Published on: May 18, 2020

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System
10:51

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Published on: April 23, 2021

4.6K
Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

18.8K
Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
07:45

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Published on: May 18, 2020

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer is a leading global malignancy with significant treatment challenges, particularly in advanced stages.
  • While traditionally viewed as less immunogenic, certain breast cancer subtypes (triple-negative, HER2-positive) show immune responsiveness.
  • This has led to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of breast cancer immunotherapy, focusing on ICIs.
  • To highlight key clinical trial findings, biomarkers, and resistance mechanisms.
  • To outline future directions for optimizing ICI therapy in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and clinical trial data on breast cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitor mechanisms and targets (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT).
  • Examination of predictive biomarkers and strategies to overcome resistance.

Main Results:

  • ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown clinical activity in select breast cancer patients, leading to approvals for advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
  • Current response rates are modest and often limited to PD-L1-positive tumors.
  • Novel checkpoint targets are under investigation to enhance efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • ICIs represent a significant advance in breast cancer treatment, particularly for specific subtypes.
  • Further research is needed to identify predictive biomarkers, optimize combination therapies, and overcome resistance.
  • Exploring novel targets and strategies holds potential to broaden the benefits of immunotherapy across diverse breast cancer populations.