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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.7K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

810
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

475
Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
475
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions01:23

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

596
Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

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Recent Developments in Protein-Based Hydrogels for Advanced Drug Delivery Applications.

Giuseppe Scopelliti1, Claudia Ferraro1, Ortensia Ilaria Parisi1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.

Pharmaceutics
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Protein-based hydrogels offer biocompatible drug delivery platforms, especially for cancer therapy. Advances in natural protein hydrogels show promise for precision delivery, though challenges remain for clinical use.

Keywords:
cancer therapycollagendrug deliverygelatinhydrogelsnatural polymerspeptide-based hydrogelsproteinsilk fibroinsoy protein

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Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Protein-based hydrogels are advanced biomaterials due to biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • They mimic extracellular matrix environments, enabling tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
  • Natural protein hydrogels are gaining attention for their bioactivity and tunable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of protein-based hydrogel classification, properties, and fabrication.
  • To highlight natural protein sources like gelatin, collagen, and silk fibroin for hydrogel formation.
  • To examine the application of these hydrogels in drug delivery, particularly for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein-based hydrogels.
  • Analysis of fabrication methods including physical, chemical, and enzymatic crosslinking.
  • Evaluation of natural protein sources such as gelatin, collagen, silk fibroin, soy protein, casein, and whey protein.

Main Results:

  • Protein hydrogels offer tunable mechanical properties, controlled degradation, and functional groups for drug loading.
  • These hydrogels can protect therapeutics, provide sustained/targeted release, and enhance efficacy.
  • Natural protein hydrogels are effective in drug delivery systems, especially for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Protein-based hydrogels are versatile platforms for advanced drug delivery and cancer therapy.
  • Ongoing research in design and functionalization promises next-generation precision drug delivery.
  • Challenges like batch variability and immunogenicity need addressing for clinical translation.