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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Loading-Controlled Photoactivity in TiO2@BiVO4 Heterostructures.

Małgorzata Knapik1, Wojciech Zając2, Agnieszka Wojteczko1

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This study shows that bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticle structure on titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanodes significantly impacts UV and visible light absorption and charge separation for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely studied semiconductor for photoanodes.
  • Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising material for visible light absorption.
  • Heterostructures of TiO2/BiVO4 offer potential for improved photoelectrochemical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of BiVO4 nanoparticle amount and form on TiO2 photoanodes.
  • To understand the influence of annealing temperature on BiVO4 phase and optical properties.
  • To correlate photoanode morphology with photocurrent response under UV and visible light.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and annealing of BiVO4 nanopowders at various temperatures (200–500 °C).
  • Deposition of BiVO4 on nanostructured TiO2 via drop-casting and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR).
  • Structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical characterization of TiO2/BiVO4 heterostructures.

Main Results:

  • Annealing temperature influences BiVO4 phase transition and visible light absorption.
  • Morphology of BiVO4 on TiO2 affects photocurrent response under UV and visible light.
  • TiO2@d photoanode showed high relative visible light activity but suffered from transport losses.

Conclusions:

  • BiVO4 nanoparticle presence on TiO2 significantly influences charge separation and photon utilization.
  • Optimizing BiVO4 morphology is crucial for efficient charge transfer and reduced recombination.
  • Understanding band alignment and charge transfer mechanisms in TiO2/BiVO4 heterostructures is key for device performance.