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Updated: Jan 29, 2026
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From Biomass to Adsorbent: A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Derived Carbons for Dye Removal
Buvaneswari Kuppusamy1, Fathima Rigana Mohamed Ismail1, Preethi Balakrishnan2
1Department of Chemistry, KCG College of Technology, Karapakkam, Chennai-97 600097, Tamilnadu, India.
Polymers
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Synthetic dyes from industries pose environmental risks. Biomass-derived adsorbents offer an efficient, sustainable solution for dye removal in wastewater treatment, proving cost-effective and highly reusable.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Synthetic dyes from textile industries cause significant environmental pollution.
- Their toxicity and persistence necessitate effective wastewater treatment solutions.
- Adsorption is a leading technique for dye removal due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in bio-derived adsorbents for synthetic dye removal.
- To explore adsorption mechanisms, process parameters, and performance of these materials.
- To highlight the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of biomass-derived adsorbents.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on bio-derived adsorbents (raw biomass, biochars, activated carbons).
- Analysis of adsorption mechanisms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and regeneration.
- Evaluation of surface modification, magnetization, and nanocomposite strategies.
Main Results:
- Biomass-derived carbons show superior adsorption efficiency and cost-effectiveness over conventional adsorbents.
- Agricultural residues, fruit peels, shells, and plant fibers are viable sources for adsorbents.
- Surface modification and nanocomposite formation enhance dye uptake and adsorbent reusability.
Conclusions:
- Biomass-derived materials are sustainable and effective alternatives for wastewater treatment.
- These materials offer a promising solution for environmental remediation of dye pollution.
- Further research into modified biomass adsorbents can optimize dye removal processes.
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