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Design and Optimization of Pullulan-Isononanoate Films with Bioactive-Loaded Liposomes for Potential Biomedical Use.

Amjed A Karkad1,2, Aleksandar Marinković1, Aleksandra Jovanović3

  • 1Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.

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|January 28, 2026
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Summary

Modified pullulan films with silibinin and smoke tree extract liposomes show enhanced antioxidant properties. This bioactive-loaded film platform shows promise for advanced wound dressing applications.

Keywords:
Liposomesbiopolymer filmsesterificationpullulan-isononanoatesilibininsmoke tree

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Pullulan, a natural polysaccharide, has potential in biomedical applications but requires modification for improved properties.
  • Liposomes are effective carriers for bioactive compounds like silibinin and smoke tree extract.
  • Developing functional biomaterials with enhanced therapeutic properties is crucial for advanced medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize pullulan-isononanoate (Pull-Iso) as a modified biomaterial.
  • To prepare and characterize Pull-Iso films incorporating liposomes loaded with silibinin (SB) and smoke tree extract (STExt).
  • To evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of these novel biomaterials for potential biomedical uses, particularly wound dressings.

Main Methods:

  • Pullulan esterification with isononanoic acid chloride.
  • Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
  • Liposome preparation and characterization (particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential).
  • Fabrication and characterization of Pull-Iso films with varying liposome content (optical microscopy, mechanical analysis).
  • Assessment of antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of pullulan-isononanoate (Pull-Iso) confirmed by NMR and FTIR.
  • Modification reduced glass transition temperature, indicating increased chain mobility.
  • Liposomes (~2000 nm) showed moderate stability, necessitating encapsulation within films.
  • Uniform liposome dispersion observed at 0.5 g loading; aggregation at 0.75 g.
  • Incorporation of liposomes significantly enhanced antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • Mechanical properties were reduced at higher liposome content.

Conclusions:

  • Pullulan esterification and controlled liposome incorporation yield flexible, bioactive-loaded films.
  • These films exhibit significant antioxidant properties, enhanced by silibinin and smoke tree extract.
  • The developed biomaterial platform shows potential for advanced wound dressing applications.
  • Further investigation is warranted to optimize and validate these findings for clinical use.