Association Between Muscle Quality and GNRI in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with reduced skeletal muscle strength and quality.
• Malnutrition is a known contributor to muscle quality decline, but its link with the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) in T2D is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between GNRI and skeletal muscle quality in individuals with T2D.
• To explore the influence of BMI on the relationship between GNRI and muscle quality.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study of 743 T2D participants from the KAMOGAWA-A cohort.
• Muscle quality assessed as handgrip strength divided by arm lean mass.
• Multiple linear regression used to analyze GNRI and BMI-adjusted GNRI residuals against muscle quality.

Main Results:

• Overall, GNRI showed an inverse association with muscle quality (β = -0.17, p < 0.001).
• BMI-adjusted GNRI residuals demonstrated a significant positive association with muscle quality (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), particularly in men and younger adults.
• Associations varied by age, sex, and glycemic control.

Conclusions:

• GNRI is inversely correlated with muscle quality in T2D, but this relationship is confounded by BMI.
• BMI-adjusted GNRI residuals reveal a consistent positive association, indicating nutritional status may support muscle function in T2D.
• Improving nutritional status could enhance muscle function in T2D patients.