A Review on Sasa quelpaertensis's Phytochemical Profiles and Pharmacological Activities

Sasa quelpaertensis, a multipurpose bamboo plant endemic to Jeju Island in South Korea, is used by the population in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-gastritis, and diuretic activities. Studies have shown the potential of S. quelpaertensis against various diseases; its effects include anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidepressant, immunomodulating, and hepatoprotective effects. Several bioactive phytochemicals, including p-coumaric acid, tricin, naringenin, and vanillic acid, have been identified in S. quelpaertensis, further emphasizing its pharmacological potential. Molecular studies have identified crucial pharmacological targets of S. quelpaertensis, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The major challenges are that most pharmacological activities have been observed only in the preclinical stage, and that a compilation of its phytochemicals and pharmacological activities is missing from the literature. The studies with incomplete extract characterization or standardization limit the comparability across studies. Identification of active phytochemicals for specific activities and large-scale clinical trials for the majority of pharmacological effects are suggested. This review not only compiles the phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of S. quelpaertensis but also highlights current gaps and proposes solutions for its development as a therapeutic agent and/or supplement against major diseases.