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Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

448
Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
448
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

508
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
508
Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

398
When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
398
Distance Problem01:29

Distance Problem

64
When an object's velocity changes over time, the total distance traveled can be determined by summing small displacement intervals over short increments. This approach approximates the true distance through numerical summation and the use of integral calculus. An estimate of the total displacement can be obtained by measuring velocity at regular intervals and multiplying each value by the corresponding time step.If a runner accelerates over the first three seconds of a race, speed measurements...
64
The Distance Formula01:20

The Distance Formula

644
In geometry, measuring the direct distance between two points on a plane is essential in various practical and theoretical applications. Whether in navigation, engineering, or computer graphics, determining the shortest path between two locations involves using the distance formula. This formula is derived from the Pythagorean Theorem, which relates the lengths of the sides of a right triangle. On a coordinate plane, the horizontal and vertical distances between two points serve as the legs of...
644
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

282
To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
282

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications
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Author Spotlight: Enhancement of Salient Object Detection for Smart Grid Applications

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Artificial Neural Network-Based Conveying Object Measurement Automation System Using Distance Sensor.

Hyo Beom Heo1, Seung Hwan Park1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a framework for accurate logistics measurements using a single, affordable distance sensor. The method ensures reliable length and width estimation despite varying conditions, overcoming limitations of expensive 3D scanners.

Keywords:
artificial neural network (ANN)entry-level distance sensorgeometry measurementlinear spline regression (LSR)

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial Engineering
  • Automation and Control Systems
  • Artificial Intelligence in Logistics

Background:

  • Measurement technology is crucial for logistics operations like defect inspection and loading optimization.
  • The fourth industrial revolution drives research into measurement automation using AI, IoT, and advanced sensors.
  • High costs of 3D scanners and reliability issues with entry-level sensors hinder widespread adoption in logistics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a systematic framework for reliable geometry measurement using a single, low-cost distance sensor.
  • To enable accurate estimation of object length and width in logistics environments.
  • To bridge the gap between high-performance, expensive measurement systems and unreliable entry-level sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and constructed a conveyor-belt data acquisition setup simulating realistic logistics transfer scenarios.
  • Collected measurement data under systematically varied transfer conditions to capture environmental disturbances.
  • Employed robust feature extraction for noisy, condition-dependent signals and trained an artificial neural network (ANN) for dimension estimation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework successfully maps sensor observations to geometric dimensions (length and width).
  • The ANN model demonstrated reliable performance in estimating object dimensions using test data.
  • Experimental results confirm the method's robustness even under diverse and challenging transfer conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A cost-effective and reliable solution for geometry measurement in logistics has been demonstrated.
  • The proposed framework significantly improves the usability of entry-level distance sensors for industrial applications.
  • This approach offers a practical alternative to expensive measurement technologies in the logistics sector.