Security of ADS-B and Remote ID Systems: Cyberattacks, Detection Techniques, and Countermeasures

Area of Science:

• Aviation cybersecurity
• Cooperative surveillance systems
• Network security protocols

Background:

• Aviation relies on Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Remote Identification (RID) for safety and efficiency.
• Open, unencrypted protocols of ADS-B and RID render them susceptible to cyberattacks.
• A gap exists in comparative analysis of ADS-B and RID vulnerabilities and defenses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive survey of cyberattacks, detection techniques, and countermeasures for ADS-B and RID.
• To analyze ADS-B and RID vulnerabilities and defenses side-by-side.
• To identify research challenges and future directions in aviation surveillance security.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of cyberattacks targeting ADS-B and RID.
• Categorization of identified attacks, including novel threats.
• Review of traditional and AI-based detection methods.
• Discussion of existing countermeasures and mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

• Detailed categorization of cyberattacks affecting ADS-B and RID systems.
• Overview of diverse detection methodologies, from conventional to advanced AI.
• Compilation of current countermeasures and their effectiveness.
• Identification of simulation tools and open-access datasets for research.

Conclusions:

• ADS-B and RID systems face significant cybersecurity risks due to their communication protocols.
• A comprehensive understanding of attacks, detection, and countermeasures is crucial for aviation security.
• Further research is needed to address emerging threats and develop robust defense mechanisms.