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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Integrated Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflow for Identifying PFAS of Concern in Urban-Impacted Serbian Rivers.

Igor Antić1, Maja Buljovčić1, Richard E Cochran2

  • 1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.

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Summary

This study assessed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in northern Serbia

Keywords:
high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesrisk assessmentrisk-based prioritizationsuspect screeningtargeted analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Water Quality Assessment

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants found globally.
  • Understanding PFAS distribution in surface waters is crucial for environmental and human health risk assessment.
  • Northern Serbia's Middle Danube region surface waters lacked comprehensive PFAS contamination data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first comprehensive assessment of PFAS in northern Serbia's surface waters.
  • To quantify targeted PFAS and identify unknown PFAS using suspect screening.
  • To compare contamination levels with European Environmental Quality Standards (EQS).

Main Methods:

  • Targeted analysis of 25 PFAS using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
  • Suspect screening analysis (SSA) to identify a broader range of PFAS.
  • Sampling at 12 sites across major rivers and the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal network.

Main Results:

  • Significant spatial variability in PFAS concentrations was observed, with the Great Bačka Canal showing the highest levels.
  • 19 out of 24 sites exceeded the proposed EU group EQS for PFAS (4.4 ng/L PFOA-equivalents).
  • PFOS exceeded its inland surface water EQS in 17 samples; TFA was the most abundant PFAS identified by SSA.

Conclusions:

  • Northern Serbia's surface waters show widespread PFAS contamination, exceeding EU guidelines at most sites.
  • The dominance of short-chain PFAS and diffuse source influences are suggested by the findings.
  • Further monitoring and source identification are recommended for effective PFAS management.