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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

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Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
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Small Intestine01:15

Small Intestine

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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs
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Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs

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Unveiling Intestinal Emphysema in Pigs: Morphological Insights and Pathogenetic Implications.

Alfonso Rosamilia1, Simona Baghini2, Chiara Guarnieri3

  • 1Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini" (IZLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy.

Veterinary Sciences
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Intestinal emphysema in pigs presents as gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, often linked to lymphatic vessels. Further research is needed to fully understand its causes and development.

Keywords:
intestinal emphysemalymphatic vesselsmicroscopic featuresslaughterswine

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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Morphology

Background:

  • Intestinal emphysema is a rare condition with unknown etiology and pathogenesis.
  • It is occasionally found in pigs at slaughter without impacting meat safety or farm economics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the morphology of porcine intestinal emphysema.
  • To elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition using advanced techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.
  • Ten slaughtered heavy pigs with gross lesions of intestinal emphysema were examined.

Main Results:

  • Gaseous cysts were found in submucosal and mesenteric layers, partly lined by lymphatic endothelial cells.
  • Cysts were associated with granulomas and fibrous septa.
  • Immunohistochemical findings suggest lymphatic vessel origin, similar to human cases.

Conclusions:

  • Porcine intestinal emphysema shares morphological similarities with human cases.
  • Lesions are hypothesized to originate from lymphatic vessels.