Pan-Immune Inflammation Value and Clinical Outcomes in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Biomarker Research

Background:

• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal neurological disorder from persistent measles virus infection.
• Prognostic biomarkers for SSPE are limited.
• Systemic inflammation, detectable via hematology-derived indices, plays a role in neuroinfectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prognostic value of hematology-derived inflammatory indices in pediatric SSPE patients.
• To compare inflammatory markers between SSPE patients and healthy controls.
• To assess the association of these markers with disease severity and mortality.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective case-control study of 40 pediatric SSPE patients and 40 matched healthy controls.
• Data collected included demographic, laboratory, and disease severity (Jabbour stages) information.
• Analysis included comparisons between groups, multivariate regression, and ROC analysis for prognostic accuracy.

Main Results:

• SSPE patients exhibited significantly higher pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) compared to controls.
• Elevated PIV strongly correlated with advanced Jabbour stages, impaired ambulation, and a 35% case-fatality rate.
• PIV was identified as an independent predictor of mortality (OR: 3.25) with superior discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.87).

Conclusions:

• The pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) shows promise as a simple, inexpensive prognostic biomarker for SSPE.
• PIV can aid in early risk stratification and predicting mortality in pediatric SSPE.
• Further multicenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm the clinical utility of PIV in SSPE management.