Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Newborns

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common yet underrecognized cause of congenital anomalies.
• It affects approximately 1 in 200 live births globally, with many infants asymptomatic at birth.
• Lack of awareness and screening programs contribute to delayed diagnosis and potential long-term sequelae like hearing loss and neurodevelopmental impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the current epidemiology of congenital CMV infection.
• To describe the clinical manifestations and diagnostic laboratory testing for congenital CMV.
• To review newborn screening approaches for congenital CMV.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological data on congenital CMV.
• Summary of clinical presentations and diagnostic methods, including molecular and serological tests.
• Analysis of current and proposed newborn screening strategies for congenital CMV.

Main Results:

• Congenital CMV is a significant global health concern, with a substantial number of infants at risk for adverse outcomes.
• Early diagnosis is challenging due to asymptomatic presentation in most newborns.
• Various laboratory tests are available for diagnosis, but standardization and accessibility remain issues.
• Newborn screening for CMV is not widely implemented, hindering early intervention.

Conclusions:

• Increased awareness and improved diagnostic strategies are crucial for congenital CMV.
• Effective newborn screening programs are needed to identify infected infants early.
• Timely intervention can mitigate the risk of long-term sequelae associated with congenital CMV infection.