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Isolation and Characterization of Tumor-initiating Cells from Sarcoma Patient-derived Xenografts
Published on: June 13, 2019
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Unveiling the hidden: diagnosing isolated myeloid sarcoma through ascitic fluid analysis
Zhengyu Zhou1, Zhanyi Yue1, Landi Zhang1
1Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Laboratory Medicine
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Isolated myeloid sarcoma, an extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia, can be challenging to diagnose. Analysis of ascitic fluid using cytology, flow cytometry, and molecular methods confirmed the diagnosis in a patient with abdominal symptoms and normal bone marrow.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Myeloid sarcoma, an extramedullary form of acute myeloid leukemia, often presents nonspecifically.
- Normal bone marrow findings can complicate the diagnosis of isolated myeloid sarcoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the diagnostic utility of ascitic fluid analysis in a case of isolated myeloid sarcoma.
- To highlight the importance of advanced cytologic, flow cytometric, and molecular techniques.
Main Methods:
- A 31-year-old female patient presented with unexplained abdominal symptoms.
- Diagnostic procedures included computed tomography, cytologic analysis of ascitic fluid, flow cytometry, molecular analysis (CBFβ::MYH11 fusion genes), and bone marrow examination.
- Bone marrow was found to be normocellular and without abnormalities.
Main Results:
- Computed tomography revealed terminal ileum wall thickening and ascites.
- Ascitic fluid analysis identified primitive myeloid cells, confirmed as myeloid blasts by flow cytometry.
- Molecular analysis of ascitic fluid detected the CBFβ::MYH11 fusion gene, characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21).
Conclusions:
- Cytologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analyses of ascitic fluid are crucial for diagnosing myeloid sarcoma.
- These methods provide definitive evidence, especially when the bone marrow is unremarkable.
- Ascitic fluid analysis is a valuable tool for identifying extramedullary myeloid leukemia involvement.
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