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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
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Voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity changes are associated with cognitive function in herpes simplex

Qinglong Feng1, Yan Li2, Zhipeng Xu3

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, QuZhou KeCheng People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) causes brain changes and cognitive issues. This study links these brain alterations and inflammation to cognitive decline, suggesting biomarkers for personalized treatment.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentfunctional connectivityherpes simplex encephalitisinterleukin-6neuroinflammationvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological condition.
  • HSE leads to significant cognitive impairment and structural brain changes.
  • Understanding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructural and functional connectivity (FC) alterations in HSE patients.
  • To assess the association between these brain changes and cognitive function.
  • To explore the relationship with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters and inflammatory markers.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 73 HSE patients and 76 controls.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) were used.
  • Cognitive function (MoCA), CSF pressure, protein, and cytokines (IL-6) were measured.

Main Results:

  • HSE patients showed reduced grey matter volume (GMV) in specific brain regions.
  • Altered FC was observed between hippocampus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and mPFC.
  • Lower cognitive scores correlated with GMV/FC changes; elevated CSF pressure, protein, and IL-6 were linked to poorer cerebral metrics.

Conclusions:

  • HSE is linked to distinct microstructural and FC changes correlating with cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation.
  • A potential interaction between IL-6, cerebral alterations, and cognitive dysfunction was identified.
  • Findings may guide personalized therapeutic strategies using neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers.