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The correlation between brain structure, function, and cognitive changes in patients with active-stage ulcerative

Weijie Fan1, Wei Li1,2, Si Zhang1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

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|January 28, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients show brain structure and function changes linked to cognitive and emotional issues. These neuroimaging findings highlight the gut-brain axis in UC and potential targets for managing patient symptoms.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentfractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuationsgut-brain axisulcerative colitisvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Active ulcerative colitis (UC) is frequently associated with emotional disturbances and cognitive deficits.
  • The underlying neurobiological mechanisms for these manifestations in UC patients are not well understood.
  • This study aims to explore neurostructural and functional brain alterations in UC patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurostructural and functional brain alterations in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • To identify potential neural correlates of emotional disturbances and cognitive deficits in UC.
  • To explore the relationship between brain changes, cognitive function, and clinical assessments in UC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimodal MRI, including structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).
  • Assessed cognitive function and clinical status in 45 active-stage UC patients and 48 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed regional neural activity using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and gray matter volume (GMV).

Main Results:

  • UC patients exhibited impaired attention, working memory, and executive function, alongside increased stress and anxiety scores.
  • Reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral thalamus was observed in UC patients.
  • Altered fALFF values were found in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), lingual gyrus, frontal lobes, temporal lobe, and parietal lobule, correlating with emotional and cognitive functions.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment and emotional abnormalities in UC are linked to structural and functional brain changes, particularly in the frontal lobes, PCG, and thalamus.
  • Findings suggest the activation of the gut-brain axis in UC due to chronic inflammation.
  • Specific brain regions may serve as key targets for predicting and managing cognitive impairment in UC patients.