Decoding inflammatory regulation in ovarian cancer at single-cell resolution

Ovarian cancer(OC) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its frequent peritoneal dissemination and development of chemotherapy resistance, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Chronic inflammation is a pivotal driver of disease initiation and progression. While traditional population-level studies fail to capture cellular heterogeneity, recent advances in single-cell technologies including scRNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and multi-omics, have enabled high-resolution analysis of inflammatory regulation within the ovarian cancer microenvironment(OCME). This review synthesizes how single-cell approaches have elucidated inflammation-driven remodeling of OCME components, immune cell signaling pathways, and dynamic inflammatory-immune interactions. Focusing on the "dual microenvironments" of ovarian cancer, we discuss mechanisms of immune suppression, stromal reprogramming, and therapy resistance, along with current progress and challenges in translating these insights into precise diagnostic, targeted therapeutic, and immunotherapeutic strategies.