Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

7.8K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
7.8K
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

6.0K
Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
6.0K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.9K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.9K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.4K
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

6.0K
Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
6.0K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytokine and profibrotic gene expression during tracheal stenosis development in an experimental model.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Evaluation and Comparison of Treatment with Polymerised Collagen or Pirfenidone as Stand-Alone Therapy on the Production of Profibrotic Factors in Tracheal Stenosis and Tracheal Anastomosis Scarring After Resection.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Drug-tolerant persister cells in cancer: a scoping review of definitions, models, and molecular mechanisms.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

The Role of Neutrophil, Monocyte and Macrophage Calprotectin and S100A12 in the Fibrotic Process.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Glyoxalase-1 Inhibition Leads to Ferroptosis Induction in Lung Cancer Cells: A Dual Mechanism of Action of Hydroxamic Acids Derived from Cysteine.

ChemMedChem·2025
Same author

Insights and advancements in molecular biology techniques in ophthalmology.

Experimental eye research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

12.4K

The tumor microenvironment: adding pieces to the puzzle.

Dolores Aguilar-Cazares1, Mario Perez-Medina1,2, Jesus J Benito-Lopez1

  • 1Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor cells interact with their microenvironment, paradoxically boosting cancer growth. Understanding these complex cell networks is key to developing new therapies that enhance anti-tumor immunity and overcome treatment resistance.

Keywords:
extracellular vesiclesimmune checkpointsimmune responsemetabolic reprogramingresistancestroma cellstissue remodelingtumor evasion mechanisms

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro
16:18

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro

Published on: November 20, 2011

12.0K
Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
08:32

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment
06:50

The Use of the Puzzle Box as a Means of Assessing the Efficacy of Environmental Enrichment

Published on: December 29, 2014

12.4K
Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro
16:18

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro

Published on: November 20, 2011

12.0K
Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
08:32

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises malignant, stromal, immune, and endothelial cells interacting via direct contact or soluble factors.
  • Tumor composition and immune cell infiltration evolve, creating dynamic, heterogeneous niches.
  • These cellular interactions within the TME influence immune defense and tumor progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate knowledge on cellular interactions within the TME.
  • To understand how these networks paradoxically support tumor progression while involving immune cells.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies targeting pro-tumor communication networks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and knowledge integration.
  • Analysis of immune cell involvement and stromal cell-mediated homeostatic processes.
  • Exploration of metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and extracellular vesicle signaling.

Main Results:

  • Cellular interactions in the TME are complex and dynamic, influencing tumor development.
  • Immune cells and stromal components play paradoxical roles, sometimes promoting tumor growth.
  • Metabolic changes, oxidative stress, and extracellular vesicles contribute to tumor resistance.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive framework is needed to understand TME cellular interactions.
  • Targeting pro-tumor communication networks can enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  • Developing multi-targeted immunotherapies is crucial for controlling cancer and overcoming resistance.