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Neurodevelopmental justice: rethinking adolescent criminal responsibility in Puerto Rico.

Edicer Ramírez-Rivera1, Karen G Martínez-González1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Neuroscience reveals ongoing adolescent brain development, influencing juvenile criminal responsibility. Puerto Rico

Keywords:
Puerto Ricoadolescent brain developmentcriminal responsibilityforensic psychiatryjuvenile justice

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience and Law
  • Adolescent Culpability and Brain Maturation
  • Juvenile Justice Policy and Neurodevelopment

Background:

  • Adolescent brain development impacts cognitive control, emotional regulation, and decision-making.
  • Neuroscientific findings are increasingly integrated into legal discussions on juvenile responsibility.
  • Puerto Rico's juvenile justice system offers a unique context for examining these intersections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how neuroscientific findings inform legal and policy debates on juvenile culpability in Puerto Rico.
  • To situate adolescent brain development within broader social, environmental, and legal contexts.
  • To evaluate the alignment of developmental concepts with Puerto Rico's juvenile justice model.

Main Methods:

  • Drawing on neuroscientific research and comparative legal analysis.
  • Utilizing empirical evidence on justice system outcomes.
  • Examining juvenile transfer policies and their public safety, health, and developmental impacts.

Main Results:

  • Neuroscience provides insights into adolescent capacity for change and responsiveness to intervention.
  • Puerto Rico's developmentally oriented model aligns with concepts of graduated responsibility and proportional accountability.
  • Empirical evaluations compare outcomes of adult-court prosecution versus juvenile-system processing.

Conclusions:

  • Developmentally informed juvenile justice should prioritize fairness, contextualized responsibility, and evidence-based supports.
  • Avoid deterministic interpretations of neuroscientific findings; recognize adolescents' potential for rehabilitation.
  • Interdisciplinary dialogue and regionally grounded research are crucial for effective juvenile justice policy in Puerto Rico.