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Appert Scale (Thrombotic Risk Scale) in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Patients: 3-year Evaluation.

Guillermo Ramos-Gallardo1,2, Jesús Cuenca-Pardo2, Jorge López-Haro1

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The Appert Total Thrombosis Risk Scale effectively identifies patients at moderate risk for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after aesthetic plastic surgery. All recorded complications occurred in the moderate-risk group, highlighting the scale's clinical utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) poses a significant, potentially fatal risk post-surgery.
  • Previous research identified thrombogenic factors in cosmetic surgery, indicating a high thrombosis incidence.
  • The Appert Total Thrombosis Risk Scale was developed based on expert consensus to assess thrombosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical utility of the Appert Total Thrombosis Risk Scale in aesthetic plastic surgery patients.
  • To determine if the scale can predict complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
  • To assess the correlation between Appert scale risk stratification and adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study included 345 patients undergoing aesthetic plastic surgery over three years.
  • Data collected included demographics, chemoprophylaxis use, Appert scale results, and complication occurrence (DVT, pulmonary embolism, bleeding).
  • Statistical analysis utilized Pearson chi-squared and Fisher exact tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Over half of patients (53.6%) were classified as moderate risk by the Appert scale; 46.4% were low risk.
  • All recorded thrombosis events (DVT, pulmonary embolism) and postoperative bleeding occurred exclusively in the moderate-risk group.
  • No complications were reported in patients classified as low risk by the Appert scale.

Conclusions:

  • The Appert Total Thrombosis Risk Scale demonstrates a potential clinical relationship with complication occurrence in aesthetic plastic surgery.
  • Risk stratification using the Appert scale may aid in identifying patients at higher risk for thrombotic events.
  • The scale's findings suggest its value in managing and preventing postoperative complications.