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Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combustion synthesis of (U,Pu)O2 solid solution: from parametric study to sintered pellet.

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Summary

Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) efficiently produced actinide mixed oxides, specifically uranium-plutonium oxides, with desirable nanometric features for nuclear fuel applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Chemistry and Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Powder Metallurgy

Background:

  • Actinide mixed oxides, particularly uranium-plutonium oxides, are crucial for nuclear fuel applications.
  • Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) offers a promising route for synthesizing advanced ceramic materials.
  • Previous studies showed potential for SCS with surrogate materials and pure actinide oxides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize actinide mixed oxides using solution combustion synthesis (SCS) with citric acid as fuel.
  • To optimize SCS parameters, including fuel amount and Pu/(U + Pu) composition, for desired powder characteristics.
  • To evaluate the suitability of the synthesized U,Pu)O2+x powder for nuclear fuel production.

Main Methods:

  • Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) utilizing citric acid as a fuel source.
  • Systematic variation of fuel quantity and plutonium content (Pu/(U + Pu)) to control powder properties.
  • Characterization of synthesized powders for phase, homogeneity, and particle size.
  • Pressing and low-temperature sintering tests on selected U0.90Pu0.10O2+x powder.

Main Results:

  • A solid solution (U,Pu)O2+x was successfully synthesized under various SCS conditions.
  • The resulting actinide mixed oxide powders exhibited homogeneous cationic distribution and nanometric features.
  • A U0.90Pu0.10O2+x pellet achieved 88% theoretical density via low-temperature sintering, attributed to the nanometric powder size.
  • Sintered pellets showed homogeneous plutonium distribution and expected pore morphology, despite residual carbon presence.

Conclusions:

  • Solution combustion synthesis is an effective method for producing nanometric uranium-plutonium mixed oxide powders.
  • The synthesized (U,Pu)O2+x powders are suitable for pressing and sintering, demonstrating potential for MOX fuel fabrication.
  • Low-temperature sintering is achievable due to the nanometric nature of the SCS-derived powders.