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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq
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Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

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High-throughput single-cell DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility co-profiling with SpliCOOL-seq.

Qingmei Shen1,2, Enze Deng2,3, Ling Luo1,2

  • 1GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Clinical and Translational Medicine
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new high-throughput sequencing technology, SpliCOOL-seq, simultaneously profiles DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in thousands of cells. This method aids in discovering lung cancer biomarkers and understanding tumorigenesis.

Keywords:
DNA methylationSpliCOOL‐seqcancer biomarkerschromatin accessibilityepigenetic ageingsingle‐cell multi‐omics

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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq
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Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

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Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
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DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments
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DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility are key epigenetic regulators influencing gene expression and cellular identity.
  • Dysregulation of these epigenetic marks is implicated in cancer development and progression.
  • Existing single-cell multi-omics technologies face limitations in throughput and sensitivity, restricting comprehensive biomarker discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-throughput single-cell sequencing technology for simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility.
  • To enhance sensitivity and scalability for multi-modal epigenetic analysis in thousands of cells.
  • To enable novel biomarker discovery and deepen the understanding of cancer epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of single-cell split-pool ligation-based multi-omics sequencing technology (SpliCOOL-seq).
  • Integration of in situ GpC methylation, universal Tn5 tagmentation, and split-pool combinatorial barcoding.
  • High-throughput profiling of whole-genome DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in single cells.

Main Results:

  • SpliCOOL-seq accurately differentiated lung cancer cell types using genetic and epigenetic data.
  • DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors (5-Azacitidine, Decitabine) induced distinct large-scale demethylation patterns.
  • Identification of novel DNA methylation biomarkers (e.g., FAM124B, SFN, OR7E47P) associated with patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma.
  • Revealed accelerated epigenetic ageing and mitotic activity in tumor subclones, offering insights into tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • SpliCOOL-seq enables high-throughput, parallel profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution.
  • The technology serves as a powerful platform for discovering cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • Applications revealed novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, advancing precision oncology.