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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
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When are Short Fusions Successful in Cervical Deformity Surgery?

Themistocles Protopsaltis1, Matthew S Galetta1, Fares Ani1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, New York.

Spine
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Short fusions in cervical deformity surgery offer reduced operative time and blood loss. However, avoid short fusions in patients with baseline C2S > 26° to prevent alignment failure and complications.

Keywords:
Alignment failureBaseline factorsBlood loss (EBL)C2 slope (C2S)Cervical Sagittal Vertical Axis (cSVA)Cervical deformity (CD)Decision tree analysisLong fusion (LF)Neck Disability Index (NDI)Operative timePatient-reported outcomes (PROMs)Postoperative complicationsRealignmentShort fusion (SF)Surgical extent

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Cervical deformity (CD) surgery aims to improve alignment and patient outcomes.
  • Minimizing surgical invasiveness is crucial for patient recovery and reducing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the success of short fusions (SF) in CD surgery.
  • To identify factors predicting outcomes in SF to mitigate complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of a prospective CD database.
  • Stratification into short fusions (≤4 levels) and long fusions (>4 levels).
  • Comparison of demographics, alignment, PROMs, and surgical parameters, with propensity score matching for baseline cSVA.

Main Results:

  • SF patients had significantly less EBL and shorter operative times compared to LF.
  • After cSVA matching, SF patients showed comparable or better NDI outcomes.
  • SF patients with baseline C2S > 26° had significantly higher rates of post-operative alignment failure and complications.

Conclusions:

  • Short fusions can be successful in CD surgery, offering benefits for less severe deformities.
  • Avoid short fusions in patients with baseline C2S > 26° due to increased risks.
  • Careful patient selection is essential for optimizing outcomes in cervical deformity surgery.