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A Dyadic Perspective on ADHD: Adolescent-Parent Reports of Behavioural Problems and Family Functioning
Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska1, Bernadetta Izydorczyk2, Artur Sawicki3
1Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
|January 28, 2026
Summary
Adolescent and parent perceptions of behavioral issues in ADHD and non-ADHD groups differ, highlighting the need for both viewpoints. Family cohesion and flexibility significantly influence adolescent behavior, impacting both internalizing and externalizing problems.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Family Studies
Background:
- Diagnosing adolescent behavioral problems often relies on subjective parental reports.
- Systemic theory advocates for incorporating adolescent perspectives for a comprehensive understanding.
- Discrepancies between adolescent and parent views can impact diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the agreement between adolescent and parent perceptions of behavioral problems in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and non-ADHD groups.
- To investigate the role of family cohesion and flexibility in explaining externalizing and internalizing behaviors from both adolescent and parent perspectives.
- To explore how individual perceptions of family functioning relate to reported behavioral symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) to analyze data from adolescent-parent dyads.
- Employed the ASEBA instruments (Child Behaviour Checklist, Youth Self Report) for behavioral problem assessment.
- Measured family cohesion and flexibility using the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scales.
Main Results:
- Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, predominantly boys, exhibited more externalizing problems.
- Lower family flexibility was associated with increased externalizing behaviors, with informant-specific effects observed.
- Adolescent-rated family cohesion predicted fewer externalizing behaviors reported by parents (ADHD group) and adolescents (non-ADHD group).
- Internalizing behaviors were consistently linked to family flexibility and cohesion, irrespective of the reporting informant.
Conclusions:
- Parent and adolescent perspectives on behavioral problems are complementary, not redundant, due to moderate agreement.
- Individual perceptions of family functioning significantly predict self-reported symptoms.
- Comprehensive assessment of adolescent behavioral problems necessitates incorporating both adolescent and parent viewpoints, considering the impact of family dynamics.
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