Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
10:42
Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
Published on: December 31, 2017
17.8K
Medical Interventions for Preventing Postanesthesia Shivering in Children: A Network Meta-analysis
Chuan-Qi Yang1, Yu-Hao Liang1, A-Xue Cheng1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, China.
Summary
Ketamine and alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists are effective in preventing postanesthetic shivering (PAS) in children. Ketamine showed the strongest effect, but its efficacy may be influenced by study size.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology
- Evidence-Based Medicine
Background:
- Postanesthetic shivering (PAS) affects 6.3% to 14% of children after surgery.
- While adult treatments exist, pediatric meta-analyses for PAS are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate various medical interventions for preventing PAS in children.
- To conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing treatment efficacies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and NMA of randomized controlled trials.
- Searched multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Synthesized results using a frequentist Mantel-Haenszel approach and common effect model, reporting pooled odds ratios (ORs).
Main Results:
- Ketamine demonstrated superiority over magnesium sulfate, midazolam, and placebo (ORs ranging from 0.01 to 0.04).
- Alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists were also superior to magnesium sulfate, midazolam, and placebo (ORs ranging from 0.02 to 0.16).
- 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists showed efficacy against magnesium sulfate and placebo (ORs 0.03 and 0.18).
Conclusions:
- Ketamine, alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are effective in preventing pediatric PAS.
- Ketamine exhibited the largest effect size but may be susceptible to small-study effects.
- Further research may be needed to fully understand the robustness of ketamine's efficacy.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions
3.7K
Nursing interventions are chosen as part of the planning process to achieve patient outcomes. Once nursing diagnoses are determined, the goals and outcomes are specified, then the nursing interventions are selected and individualized according to the patient's situation.
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
3.7K
02:26Protein Networks
4.5K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.5K
01:29Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions
3.2K
Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
3.2K
01:09Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups
5.9K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.9K
02:18Network Covalent Solids
16.1K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.1K
02:59Cancer Prevention
8.1K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
8.1K