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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Semantic fluency tasks involve rapid item recall from categories.
  • These tasks exhibit heavy-tailed interresponse time (IRT) distributions, mirroring natural foraging behavior.
  • The study investigates if extended IRTs are linked to category transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if long interresponse times (IRTs) in semantic fluency tasks occur specifically at category transitions.
  • To model the distribution of IRTs and identify patterns related to switching between semantic or letter-based categories.
  • To explore the relationship between memory retrieval dynamics and optimal foraging principles.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments used semantic and letter-based fluency tasks with varying category scopes.
  • Interresponse times (IRTs) were modeled using normal, lognormal, and power-law distributions.
  • Category transitions were identified using behavioral ratings and algorithmic similarity measures.

Main Results:

  • Lognormal distributions provided the best fit for IRTs at both group and individual levels, confirming heavy-tailed memory search.
  • The longest IRTs were observed immediately following a category switch, not during it.
  • This suggests a brief cognitive adjustment period when shifting to a new item cluster.

Conclusions:

  • Memory retrieval processes exhibit heavy-tailed distributions consistent with optimal foraging theory.
  • The findings highlight shared dynamics in spatial, semantic, and abstract information retrieval.
  • Longest retrieval latencies post-transition indicate an adaptive exploration phase in memory search.