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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Recent Progress in Organic Small-Molecule Antibacterial Agents.

Xiaoran Huang1, Yingying Meng1,2, Peirong Zhou1

  • 1Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotic resistance necessitates novel antibacterial drugs. This review explores organic small-molecule antibacterials, including natural products and synthetic compounds, to combat resistant bacteria and guide future drug development.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancemembrane‐active amphiphilesnatural products and derivativessmall‐molecule antibacterialsstructure–activity relationships

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a critical global health threat.
  • New antibacterial agents are urgently needed.
  • Small-molecule antibacterials offer advantages like controllable metabolism and flexible design for combating resistant bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in organic small-molecule antibacterials.
  • To organize advances into antibiotics, natural products/derivatives, and synthetic agents.
  • To provide researchers with insights for developing new antibacterial drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in small-molecule antibacterials.
  • Categorization of agents into antibiotics, natural products, and synthetic compounds (heterocyclic, sulfonamide, amphiphilic).
  • Synthesis of information on progress, future directions, and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in organic small-molecule antibiotics was highlighted.
  • Advances in natural products and their derivatives were summarized.
  • Developments in synthetic small-molecule agents, including heterocyclic, sulfonamide, and amphiphilic compounds, were presented.

Conclusions:

  • Small-molecule antibacterials are a promising platform against drug-resistant bacteria.
  • Drawing on diverse strategies can inspire novel approaches.
  • Accelerating the development of new antibacterial drugs is crucial.