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The Ex Vivo Colon Organ Culture and Its Use in Antimicrobial Host Defense Studies
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The Complexation Properties of Self-Defensive Microgel-Modified Antimicrobial Surfaces.

Yunhua Guo1, Zhuozhuo Yin2, Hongjun Wang2

  • 1Stevens Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Chemical Engr. & Matls. Sci, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
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Summary

This study reveals how antimicrobial peptides complex with microgels on biomaterials to create self-defensive surfaces. Stronger complexation, enhanced by antimicrobial peptide structure, drives bacterial killing upon contact.

Keywords:
antimicrobialbacteriacomplexationelutionhydrogelinfectionmicrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Technology

Background:

  • Biomaterial surfaces can be engineered for self-defense against bacterial colonization.
  • Contact-activated antimicrobial release from microgels is a promising strategy.
  • Understanding the complexation of antimicrobials with microgels is crucial for optimizing this strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complexation of cationic antimicrobials (colistin and Sub5 antimicrobial peptide) with polyanionic poly(acrylic acid) microgels.
  • To determine how this complexation influences the self-defensive properties of biomaterial surfaces.
  • To elucidate the factors governing antimicrobial transfer from microgels to bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) microgels via membrane emulsification.
  • Electrostatic deposition of microgels onto polycaprolactone and glass surfaces.
  • Loading microgels with colistin and Sub5 antimicrobial peptide.
  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations.
  • Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) experiments.
  • In vitro bacterial colonization assays and cell viability tests.

Main Results:

  • Microgel loading with antimicrobials caused deswelling; Sub5 remained sequestered while colistin was released.
  • CGMD simulations confirmed stronger Sub5/poly(acrylic acid) complexation compared to colistin.
  • Sub5 antimicrobial peptide formed dimers and higher-order structures, enhancing complexation strength entropically.
  • CGMD simulations showed a thermodynamic driving force for Sub5 transfer from microgels to Staphylococcus aureus membranes.
  • Self-defensive surfaces reduced S. aureus colonization by over 90% and were cytocompatible.

Conclusions:

  • The supramolecular structure of antimicrobial peptides significantly impacts their complexation strength with polyanionic microgels.
  • Enhanced complexation, driven by factors like counterion release and peptide self-assembly, leads to effective, non-elutive antimicrobial surfaces.
  • This strategy offers a promising approach for developing self-defensive biomaterials with reduced bacterial colonization and preserved cytocompatibility.