Nanozymes for Energy and Environmental Sustainability

Nanozymes have shown remarkable promise in addressing pressing challenges in energy and environmental sustainability. Their enzyme-like catalytic activity, combined with exceptional chemical stability, low cost, and structural tunability, enables them to function effectively in harsh operational conditions where natural enzymes typically fail. In environmental applications, nanozymes have been employed for pollutant degradation, wastewater treatment, heavy metal detoxification, and antibacterial disinfection, offering high efficiency, reusability, and adaptability across different media. In the energy sector, nanozymes contribute to critical reactions such as oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide conversion, supporting the development of biofuel cells, artificial photosynthesis systems, and electrocatalytic processes. This review highlights recent advances in nanozyme design for energy and environmental applications, emphasizing their functional advantages, underlying mechanisms, and integration into scalable, green technologies.