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Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Systematic Scoring Analysis for Intestinal Inflammation in a Murine Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Model
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Colitis cystica profunda: a systematic review.

Thomas Stirrat1, Deeptha Bejugam1, Joseph Alukal2

  • 1School of Medicine, Georgetown University.

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colitis cystica profunda (CCP) is a rare benign colorectal lesion mimicking cancer. Diagnosis requires deep biopsies and advanced imaging, with organ-preserving surgery offering good outcomes.

Keywords:
colitis cystica profundaendoscopic resectionmucous colitisrectal bleedingsubmucosal cysts

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Colitis cystica profunda (CCP) is an uncommon benign colorectal lesion that can be mistaken for malignancy.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial due to its potential to mimic cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review case reports and series of histologically confirmed CCP.
  • To define the epidemiology, presentation, diagnostic methods, management strategies, and outcomes of CCP.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searched Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL (1965-2025).
  • Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data on 92 patients from 65 studies.

Main Results:

  • Most common symptoms include rectal bleeding (70%) and mucus discharge (32%).
  • Superficial biopsies often lead to sampling errors; EUS and cross-sectional imaging are key for diagnosis.
  • Surgery was performed in 67% of cases, with organ-preserving local excision being common.

Conclusions:

  • CCP is a rare but significant mimic of colorectal cancer.
  • Optimized diagnosis involves deep tissue sampling and high-resolution imaging.
  • Organ-preserving endoscopic or local excision provides durable symptom resolution with low morbidity.