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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Systemic Bacterial Infection and Immune Defense Phenotypes in Drosophila Melanogaster
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An uORF-encoded mobile peptide sparks systemic stomatal immunity.

Changzhen Liu1, Qiangsheng Yu1, Yunfan Jin2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

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|January 28, 2026
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Summary

Plants utilize systemic stomatal immunity (SSIM) to defend against pathogens. A novel peptide, upstream open reading frame (uORF)-encoded systemic stomatal immune conductor (USIC), acts as a mobile signal inducing SSIM in distant leaves.

Keywords:
KIN7MC4SIRK1mobile peptidereceptorsystemic stomatal immunityuORF

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Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity
  • Plant signaling
  • Molecular plant pathology

Background:

  • Plants possess defense mechanisms, including stomatal closure, to prevent pathogen entry.
  • Systemic responses are crucial for whole-body defense against external stimuli.
  • The mobile signals mediating systemic stomatal immunity (SSIM) in plants were previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the mobile signals responsible for transmitting pathogen-induced danger signals.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism of systemic stomatal immunity (SSIM).
  • To characterize the role of a novel peptide in long-distance plant defense signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of pathogen-infected local and distal systemic leaves.
  • Identification and characterization of a novel mobile peptide, upstream open reading frame (uORF)-encoded systemic stomatal immune conductor (USIC).
  • Analysis of the USIC receptor complex (SUCROSE-INDUCED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (SIRK1)-KINASE 7 (KIN7)) and downstream signaling pathways involving METACASPASE 4 (MC4).

Main Results:

  • Pathogen infection triggers an increase in USIC in local leaves, which is secreted into the apoplast for transport.
  • USIC is perceived by the SIRK1-KIN7 receptor complex in systemic leaves, leading to KIN7 cleavage.
  • KIN7 regulates stomatal closure through association with proton pumps and aquaporins, mediating SSIM.

Conclusions:

  • A uORF-encoded peptide, USIC, acts as a long-distance mobile signal inducing systemic stomatal immunity (SSIM).
  • The SIRK1-KIN7 receptor complex and MC4-mediated KIN7 cleavage are critical components of the SSIM pathway.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism of systemic plant defense involving mobile peptide signaling.