Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Hepatitis, an Emerging Issue in Precision Cancer Therapy Era: A Narrative...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Hepatology

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are vital cancer therapies.
• Adverse events, including immune-mediated liver injury (ILICI), are a concern.
• ILICI presentation varies widely, from mild to severe liver damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathogenesis of ILICI.
• To describe the clinical manifestations of ILICI.
• To outline the clinical approach for managing ILICI.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on ICI-induced liver injury.
• Analysis of reported cases and clinical guidelines.
• Synthesis of information on mechanisms, symptoms, and treatment.

Main Results:

• ICIs disrupt immune regulation, leading to liver-specific autoimmune responses.
• ILICI can present with elevated liver enzymes, jaundice, or autoantibodies.
• Early recognition and intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding ILICI pathogenesis is key to predicting and preventing liver injury.
• A systematic clinical approach aids in diagnosing and managing ILICI.
• Further research is needed to optimize ICI therapy while minimizing liver toxicity.