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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

908
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Measuring resilience using language modeling: A computational approach to observing resilience.

Syeda Mahwish1,2, Ryan L Boyd3, Vasudha Varadarajan1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.

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We developed Resilience using Language Modeling (ReLM) to measure psychological resilience in language. Higher ReLM scores correlated with significant improvements in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Resilience is crucial for mental health after adverse events.
  • Measuring resilience dynamically through language is challenging.
  • Existing methods may not capture the nuanced, multifaceted nature of resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel natural language processing (NLP) approach, Resilience using Language Modeling (ReLM), for measuring psychological resilience.
  • To assess the relationship between ReLM-derived resilience scores and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ReLM, an archetype analysis-based NLP model, conceptualizing resilience through nine facets.
  • Utilized a language model to embed voicemail data from 9/11 attack responders into a semantic space.
  • Calculated cosine similarity to prototype statements for each resilience facet to derive scores.
  • Applied principal component analysis and measurement invariance testing for model validation.
  • Analyzed PTSD symptom trajectories across resilience quartiles using ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • ReLM identified a single latent factor explaining 56% of the variance in resilience facets.
  • Measurement invariance testing confirmed ReLM's consistency across data subsets.
  • Significant differences in PTSD symptom trajectories were observed across resilience quartiles (p=.002).
  • Individuals with high resilience demonstrated the most substantial improvements in PTSD symptoms over four years.

Conclusions:

  • ReLM provides a theoretically grounded, NLP-based method for measuring psychological resilience through language.
  • The model captures dynamic psychological processes reflected in narratives.
  • ReLM enables a more nuanced and dynamic assessment of resilience and its impact on mental health outcomes.