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SD-MAC protocol for wireless sensor network energy consumption.

Sarah M Alhammad1, Safia Abbas2, Ahmed M Elshewey3,4

  • 1Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Scientific Reports
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Sleep Duty-cycle MAC (SD-MAC) protocol enhances energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by dynamically adjusting active listening periods. This approach significantly improves energy savings and throughput compared to traditional protocols.

Keywords:
Duty cycle adaptationEnergy efficiencyMAC protocolsMarkov modelingS-MACSD-MAC protocolT-MACTraffic-aware schedulingWireless Sensor Networks

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Energy efficiency is a major challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), particularly with fluctuating network traffic.
  • Existing protocols like S-MAC and T-MAC have limitations due to fixed sleep cycles and early sleep issues, hindering adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel Sleep Duty-cycle MAC (SD-MAC) protocol for WSNs.
  • Dynamically adjust active listening periods based on real-time network traffic to reduce idle listening and enhance energy utilization.
  • Improve overall network performance, including energy savings, throughput, and reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the SD-MAC protocol featuring a traffic-aware scheduling mechanism with tunable duty cycles.
  • Conducted extensive simulations using the NS-2 network simulator.
  • Evaluated performance metrics including energy consumption, medium access delay, and packet delivery rate under diverse traffic scenarios.

Main Results:

  • SD-MAC achieved up to 10% greater energy savings compared to T-MAC.
  • Demonstrated higher throughput than T-MAC.
  • Outperformed several recent MAC protocols in energy consumption, medium access delay, and packet delivery rate.

Conclusions:

  • SD-MAC effectively enhances energy efficiency and scalability in Wireless Sensor Networks.
  • The protocol's dynamic duty cycle adjustment proves beneficial, especially in low to medium-traffic environments.
  • SD-MAC offers a reliable solution for energy-constrained WSN applications.