Emergence and evolution of protein-coding de novo genes

Area of Science:

• Evolutionary biology
• Genetics
• Molecular biology

Background:

• De novo genes originate from previously non-coding genomic sequences.
• Their emergence challenges traditional views of genetic innovation.
• Understanding de novo gene evolution fills knowledge gaps in evolutionary and mechanistic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current understanding of de novo gene emergence.
• To highlight advances in experimental and computational approaches.
• To emphasize quantification of de novo gene emergence likelihood and selection mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Review of experimental and computational studies.
• Analysis of genomic characteristics influencing de novo gene emergence.
• Examination of mechanisms for de novo protein adaptation.

Main Results:

• De novo genes arise from non-coding sequences and can acquire functions.
• Experimental and computational advances provide insights into their emergence.
• Likelihood of de novo gene emergence is linked to genomic features.

Conclusions:

• De novo genes are a significant source of genetic innovation.
• Further research is needed to fully understand their evolutionary trajectories.
• Mechanisms enabling selection on new protein structures are crucial for their establishment.