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Researchers observed long-lived prethermal phases in quantum systems using structured random drives. The prethermal lifetime is tunable by drive frequency and multipolar order, showing universal scaling laws in a superconducting quantum processor.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum simulation
  • Non-equilibrium many-body physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Time-dependent drives enable exploration of exotic non-equilibrium phenomena.
  • Drive-induced heating typically destabilizes quantum systems.
  • Periodic (Floquet) drives can suppress heating in the high-frequency regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate heating suppression in non-periodically driven quantum systems.
  • Experimentally observe and characterize prethermal phases.
  • Explore the tunability and scaling laws of prethermal lifetimes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor (Chuang-tzu 2.0).
  • Employed structured random protocols with tunable heating rates.
  • Measured particle imbalance and subsystem entanglement entropy over 1,000 driving cycles.
  • Performed quantum-state tomography on different subsystems.

Main Results:

  • Observed long-lived prethermal phases and a prethermal plateau.
  • Demonstrated 'doubly tunable' prethermal lifetime (by frequency and multipolar order).
  • Found algebraic growth of prethermal lifetime with frequency, following universal scaling exponent 2n+1.
  • Observed non-uniform spatial entanglement and a crossover from area- to volume-law scaling.
  • Studied dynamics beyond classical simulation capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Superconducting quantum processors are powerful platforms for studying non-equilibrium physics.
  • The observed phenomena and scaling laws are relevant for understanding driven quantum systems.
  • This work opens avenues for exploring universal scaling laws in complex quantum regimes.