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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Methane Emissions from Household Gas Stoves: Significance and Mitigation Potential.

Xiangang Xu1, Xinyue Zhong1, Ye Wang1,2

  • 1School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of Cold Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150000, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|January 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Household natural gas stoves are a significant source of methane emissions, primarily from incomplete combustion and valve leakage. Simple mitigation strategies, like closing the stove inlet valve (SIV), can significantly reduce these emissions.

Keywords:
gas stovesgas usage habitmethane emissionspost-meter emissions

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Energy Policy

Background:

  • The natural gas supply chain offers significant potential for methane (CH4) emission reductions.
  • Emissions from end-users, especially household natural gas stoves, are not well understood.
  • Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with substantial climate impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify methane emissions from household natural gas stoves in China.
  • To identify the primary sources of these emissions.
  • To evaluate potential mitigation strategies for reducing stove-related methane emissions.

Main Methods:

  • Field measurements of methane emissions from 62 household stoves in China.
  • Analysis of emission factors, including contributions from incomplete combustion and valve leakage.
  • Correlation analysis between emission rates, stove age, and usage frequency.
  • National emission projections and evaluation of mitigation scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The average emission factor was 0.20 kg CH4/stove/year.
  • Incomplete combustion accounted for 63% of total emissions during operation.
  • Stove age and usage frequency positively correlated with high-power use emission rates.
  • Annual national emissions from household stoves are projected to reach 66 Gg by 2025.
  • Stove inlet valve (SIV) leakage is a key source of off-cycle emissions.

Conclusions:

  • Household stoves are a significant, undercharacterized source of methane emissions.
  • Closing the SIV during inactive periods can reduce emissions by one-third.
  • Implementing this simple mitigation could avoid up to 0.13 Tg of methane emissions between 2026-2030.
  • Findings provide crucial data for refining emission inventories and developing targeted methane reduction strategies.