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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Optical gating in electronically bistable spin systems for quantum science.

Harini Wimalasekera1, Khetpakorn Chakarawet2,3, Anitha Alanthadka1,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We propose a new quantum sensing strategy using bistable molecules to control quantum states. This method leverages molecular responses to external stimuli for sensitive measurements in quantum information science.

Keywords:
decoherencemolecular qubitopticalphotochromismquantum information sciencespin dynamicstransition-metal

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing
  • Molecular systems
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Quantum sensing uses quantum states' sensitivity for precise measurements.
  • Structurally bistable ligands can modulate central metal ion quantum states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate an indirect quantum sensing strategy using molecular bistability.
  • To investigate the spin dynamics of cobalt semiquinone states.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous Wave (CW) X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
  • Pulsed EPR experiments (inversion recovery, Hahn echo).
  • Optical gating of spin-charge states in cobalt semiquinones.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated optical gating between low-spin (ls) and high-spin (hs) states of cobalt semiquinones using EPR.
  • Observed distinct g-values for ls-Co(III)SQ•- (~2.00) and hs-Co(II)(SQ)2 (~2.48 and 5.0) states.
  • Revealed slow spin dynamics (T1 and Tm) in the ls-Co(III)catSQ•- state, subtly affected by irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • Bistable molecular systems offer an indirect approach for quantum sensing.
  • The observed spin dynamics provide insights into quantum state manipulation.
  • This strategy is applicable to quantum information protocols.