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Association Between Sleep Duration and Related Risk Factors with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and

Alireza Malektojari1,2, Sara Ghazizadeh1,2, Fatemeh Zahra Seyed-Kolbadi2,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short sleep duration and insomnia increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Conversely, regular exercise and vegetable intake may lower MetS risk. Prioritizing sleep and healthy habits is key for prevention.

Keywords:
InsomniaMetSmetabolic syndromepredictorssleep

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health concern.
  • MetS significantly elevates risks for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mortality.
  • Understanding modifiable risk factors is crucial for MetS prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze observational studies.
  • To investigate the association between sleep duration, insomnia, and MetS development.
  • To identify other risk and protective factors for MetS.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest).
  • Included observational studies of adults without MetS at baseline.
  • Conducted adjusted analyses and pooled estimates for MetS risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Short sleep (≤6 hours), insomnia, and difficulty maintaining sleep were associated with increased MetS likelihood.
  • Male sex also showed an association with higher MetS risk.
  • Regular exercise and high vegetable intake were linked to a decreased likelihood of MetS.

Conclusions:

  • Adequate sleep duration and improved sleep patterns are vital for MetS prevention.
  • Regular physical activity and increased consumption of vegetables are protective factors.
  • Lifestyle modifications including sleep hygiene and diet are essential for managing MetS risk.