Genetic insights into coronary heart disease in the Teochew population: Bridging gaps in precision medicine

This editorial highlights the study by Xu et al on genetic polymorphisms linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Teochew population. This study adjusted odds ratios for confounding factors including age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes. It identifies the apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and higher lipoprotein (a) kringle IV-2 (KIV-2) copy number as protective factors against CHD. The ε2 allele was found at a lower frequency in CHD patients (8.02%) compared to controls (13.29%), and each additional KIV-2 copy reduced CHD risk by approximately 5% (odds ratio = 0.949). Conversely, solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 polymorphisms showed no significant link to CHD. These findings underscore the importance of population-specific research, particularly for the Teochew population, where CHD is prevalent. They provide a foundation for precision risk stratification and targeted interventions, including lipoprotein (a)-lowering therapies for those with lower KIV-2 copy numbers. Despite limitations, the study emphasizes the need for further research incorporating multi-omics data and lifestyle factors to enhance personalized CHD prevention, moving away from "one-size-fits-all" approaches. This research is essential for leveraging genetic insights into global CHD prevention.