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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Single-crystal orientation lithium for ultra-stable all-solid-state batteries.

Qidong Li1, Likun Chen1, Junyu Jiao2

  • 1Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

National Science Review
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers solved lithium dendrite issues in solid-state batteries by creating <110>-oriented single-crystal lithium metal. This innovation ensures stable cycling and enables practical, safe, high-energy all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Keywords:
all-solid-state lithium batterycrystal orientation regulationinterfacial stabilitylong cycling performancesingle-crystal orientation lithium metal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs) offer high energy and safety but are hindered by lithium dendrite formation.
  • The underlying cause of dendrites in polycrystalline lithium has been unclear, impeding practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanism of lithium dendrite formation in ASLMBs.
  • To develop a strategy for suppressing lithium dendrites and enhancing battery stability.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated anisotropic exfoliation of polycrystalline lithium due to varying Li atom stripping energies.
  • Engineered <110>-oriented single-crystal lithium metal using a Li2Ga (131) lattice-matching template.
  • Evaluated battery performance and cycling stability of ASLMBs with engineered lithium anodes.

Main Results:

  • Identified anisotropic exfoliation and void formation in polycrystalline lithium as the cause of dendrites and interfacial cracks.
  • <110>-oriented single-crystal lithium exhibited layer-by-layer stripping/plating, preventing void formation and suppressing dendrites.
  • ASLMBs with <110>-oriented single-crystal lithium achieved over 10,000 cycles at 25°C with ultralong stability.

Conclusions:

  • Regulating lithium metal crystal orientation is a fundamental solution to dendrite formation.
  • The <110>-oriented single-crystal lithium anode enables stable and practical ASLMBs.
  • This breakthrough paves the way for the real-world application of high-performance ASLMBs.