Hidden in Plain Sight: The Enduring Challenge of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Khartoum State, Sudan

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect impoverished populations in tropical regions. Despite their significant health burden, data on NTD prevalence and distribution are limited in many areas, including Khartoum State, Sudan.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of NTDs in Khartoum State, Sudan, to inform targeted control interventions and elimination strategies.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using annual statistical reports from Khartoum State Ministry of Health for 2020 and 2021. Data on the prevalence of NTDs were extracted, focusing on prevalent NTDs in the state. Descriptive statistics summarized NTD prevalence. Time-series analysis identified trends. Spatial data analysis pinpointed hotspots and clustering of NTD cases. Data consistency and accuracy were ensured.

Nine NTDs were prevalent: soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs), schistosomiasis, scabies, trachoma, snakebite envenoming, leishmaniasis, taeniasis, mycetoma, and leprosy. STH had the highest prevalence (32.7% in 2020 and 32.9% in 2021), primarily affecting children under 15. Schistosomiasis was the second most prevalent (23.0% in 2020 and 20.9% in 2021), predominantly affecting males aged 5-25. Trachoma prevalence varied across localities. Leprosy showed an increasing detection rate.

NTDs pose a significant public health burden in Khartoum State, particularly STH and schistosomiasis. Localized control strategies, improved sanitation, hygiene, access to clean water, and integrated NTD programs are crucial to reduce the NTD burden and improve population health. Continuous surveillance is warranted, especially for leprosy.