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Therapeutic Potential of Sodium Selenite Application for Promoting Radioactive Iodine Avidity in Papillary Thyroid

Ji Min Oh1,2, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran1,2,3, Prakash Gangadaran1,2

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea, knu.ac.kr.

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
|January 29, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium selenite may improve radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. It enhances radioactive iodine uptake and cancer cell killing by upregulating key markers and downregulating specific signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Radioactive iodine therapy is crucial for differentiated thyroid cancer but often fails in dedifferentiated tumors.
  • Dedifferentiation leads to reduced sodium iodide symporter expression and poor prognosis.
  • Selenium's role in thyroid cancer and its potential to enhance radioactive iodine uptake require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if sodium selenite enhances radioactive iodine avidity in papillary thyroid cancer cells.
  • To assess the impact of sodium selenite on radioactive iodine therapeutic efficacy.
  • To analyze signaling pathway alterations induced by sodium selenite.

Main Methods:

  • Papillary thyroid cancer cells were treated with sodium selenite.
  • Radioactive iodine avidity was measured.
  • Expression of sodium iodide symporter, thyroid-specific proteins, and transcription factors was analyzed.
  • Signaling pathways (MAPK, PI3K-AKT, GSK-3β/β-catenin) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Sodium selenite upregulated the sodium iodide symporter, thyroid-specific proteins, and transcription factors.
  • This resulted in increased radioactive iodine avidity and cytotoxicity.
  • Sodium selenite downregulated MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium selenite shows potential as an adjuvant therapy to improve radioactive iodine avidity in papillary thyroid cancer.
  • It enhances the effectiveness of radioactive iodine treatment by modulating key cellular mechanisms.
Keywords:
papillary thyroid cancerradioactive iodine avidityradioactive iodine therapysodium iodide symportersodium selenite

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